Lab-Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable, connecting two PCs one to one

Objectives of the lab

Part 1: Analyze Ethernet Cabling Standards and Pinouts

Part 2: Build an Ethernet Crossover Cable

Part 3: Test an Ethernet Crossover Cable

Part 4: IP Address Settings on Computer

Part 5: Testing the Connection using Ping Command

Resources Required

• 2 RJ-45 connectors


• RJ-45 crimping tool


• Category 5 or 5e cable length.


• Wire cutter


• Wire stripper


• Ethernet cable tester (optional)


• 2 PCs (Windows 7 or 10 installed)

Part 1: Analyze Ethernet Cabling Standards and Pinouts

The TIA/EIA has UTP cabling standards for using in LAN environments. TIA/EIA has two standards 568-A and 568-B. These are the two standards which are mostly used in LAN cabling. These standards determine which color wire is to be used on which pin. In straight through cable both ends should be 568A standard but in crossover cable, one end should be 568A and the other end should be 568B. which reverses the send and receive pairs. Crossover cables are normally used to connect same devices like hubs to hubs or switches to switches, but they can also be used to directly connect two hosts to create a simple network.

Step 1: Table for TIA/EIA 568-A standard Ethernet cable.

The following table and diagrams display the color scheme and pinouts, as well as the function of the four pairs of wires used for the 568-A standard.

 

Pin Number	Wire Color	Wire role
1	White/Green	TX +
2	Green	TX -
3	White/Orange	RX +
4	Blue	Not Used
5	White/Blue	Not Used
6	Orange	RX -
7	White/Brown	Not Used
8	Brown	Not Used

Step 2: Table for TIA/EIA 568-B standard Ethernet cable.

 

The following table and diagrams display the color scheme and pinouts, as well as the function of the four pairs of wires used for the 568-B standard.

Pin Number	Wire Color	Wire role
1	White/Orange	TX +
2	Orange	TX -
3	White/Green	RX +
4	Blue	Not Used
5	White/Blue	Not Used
	Green	RX -
7	White/Brown	Not Used
8	Brown	Not Used

Part 2: Build an Ethernet Crossover Cable

                         

In a crossover cable second and third pairs on the RJ-45 connector at one end, reversed at the other

end (see table in step 1 and step 2). The cable pinouts are the 568-A standard on one end and the 568-B

standard on the other end.

 Steps to make a cable

• 
  

  Determine the cable length required. Max length is 100 meter and 91 meters

  
  


• 
  

  Cut off the required piece of cable and using a wire stripper, remove 5.08 cm (2 in.) of the cable jacket from both ends.

  
  


• 
  

  Hold the four pairs of twisted cables forcefully where the jacket was cut away. reorder the cable pairs into the order of the 568-A wiring standard. Refer to the table in step 1, if necessary.

  
  


• 
  

  If possible, maintain the twists in the cable; this provides noise cancellation.

  
  


• 
  

  Flatten, straighten, and line up the wires using your thumb and forefinger and you may be used pencil for this job

  
  


• 
  

  Make sure that the cable wires are still in the exact order for the 568-A standard. Using your wire cutters, trim the four pairs in a straight line to within 1.25 to 1.9 cm (1/2 to 3/4 in.).

  
  


• 
  

  Put an RJ-45 connector on the end of your cable, with the spike on the underside pointing downward.

  
  


• 
  

  Tightly insert the wires into the RJ-45 connector. All wires should be seen at the end of the connector in their proper positions. If the wires are not extending to the end of the connector, take the cable out. Rearrange the wires again, and reinsert the wires back into the RJ-45 connector.

  
  


• 
  

  If everything is correct, insert the RJ-45 connector with cable into the crimper. Crimp down hard enough to force the contacts on the RJ-45 connector through the insulation on the wires, thus completing the Conducting path.

  
  

Part 3: Test an Ethernet Crossover Cable

Many cable testers will test for length and mapping of wires. If the cable tester has a wire map feature, it

verifies which pins on one end of the cable are connected to which pins on the other end.

.Step 2: Connect two PCs together via NICs using your Ethernet crossover cable.

• Set your PCs with following IP address settings. For example, your have a PC-1 and PC-2. Your IP Address should be set according to the table. The default gateway has no need at the same network so it should be empty.  

Device	Interface	IP Address	Subnet Mask	Default Getway
PC-1	NIC	192.168.100.1	255.255.255.0	No Need
PC-2	NIC	192.168.100.2	255.255.255.0	No Need

 

• Using the crossover cable you made before, connect both PCs together via their NICs.

 Part-4: - IP Address Settings on Computer  (windows 7 or 10)

Step-1: - Open Network and sharing center.

 

Step-2: - On the network and sharing center window click on change adapter setting. You will see a network sharing window.

Here your should see “ Local Area connection” or “Ethernet”  right click on that and click on properties

 

Step-3: - In this window select “Internet protocol version 4(TCP/IPv4)” and click Properties

Step-4: - Here click used the following IP Address and fill in your own IP and subnet mask click OK and again click ok Now your PC-1 is ready. Do the same with PC-2

Part-5: - Testing of Connection using Ping Command

1. Go to “windows command prompt”


2. In the command prompt of PC-1 enter the following command “ ping 192.168.100.2


3. Repeat the process and ping from PC-2 to PC-1.


4. assume IP addressing and the firewall does not issue, your pings should be successful if the cables were properly made.


5. Ping statistics for IP Address

            Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss)

 Note: The Windows firewall may have to be temporarily disabled for pings to be successful.